Izinga lokushisa elingcono kakhulu lokumisa ummbila endaweni yokomisa ummbila.
Kungani kufanele izinga lokushisaisomisi sokusanhlamvukulawulwe?
E-Heilongjiang, e-China, ukomisa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokugcina ummbila. Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi ezigcina okusanhlamvu esifundazweni sase-Heilongjiang zisebenzisa imibhoshongo yokomisa njengemishini yokomisa ummbila. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokomisa kanye nezinye izici zangaphandle ngokuvamile zithinta ikhwalithi yommbila. Okokuqala, ukwakheka kombhoshongo wokomisa akunangqondo, okubangela amakhona afile ekamelweni lokumisa lapho ummbila ushiswa khona, okubangela ukomisa okungalingani; okwesibili, indlela ummbila ongena ngayo futhi ophuma ngayo ungabangela ukulimala emmbila; okwesithathu, isiphephetha-moya sokumisa esikhonaisomisi sommbilaivamise ukumunca igesi yokushisa ephezulu kanye nezinhlansi epayipini, ukushisa ummbila, ukukhiqiza okusanhlamvu okushile, futhi kuthinte izinga lommbila; okwesine, umbhoshongo okhona wokomisa ikakhulukazi ushisa amalahle aluhlaza phakathi nenqubo yokomisa. Iningi lala malahle alaphekiwe nganoma iyiphi indlela. Lapho zishiswa esithandweni esibaswe ngesandla noma esithandweni somshini esishiswe ngomshini, igesi eshisa kakhulu yokushisa ingcolisa ummbila.
Umthelela wenqubo yokomisa kwikhwalithi yommbila
Inhloso enkulu yokomisa ukunciphisa umswakama wommbila ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa okuphephile. Kwecorn omiswe inqubo, ummbila awukhiphi nje inani elikhulu lomswakama, kodwa futhi ubhubhisa ikhwalithi engokwemvelo yommbila ngezinga elithile. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zommbila yisitashi, amaprotheni namafutha. Uma izinga lokushisa lokumisa liphezulu kakhulu, isitashi kanye namaprotheni azokhipha i-gelatinize futhi i-denature, ngaleyo ndlela ilahlekelwe imisoco yakho yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokoma kubalulekile kwikhwalithi yommbila.
Umthelela kusitashi
Okuqukethwe isitashi kummbila kungu-60% kuya ku-70%, kanti isitashi sakhiwe ngama-starch granules anosayizi abahlukene. Ngokuvamile, isitashi asincibiliki emanzini abandayo kodwa sincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isitashi sizovuvukala ngemva kokuncibilika emanzini. Ushintsho alubonakali ngaphansi kuka-57°C. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-57 ° C, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lokumisa liphezulu kakhulu, isitashi sommbila singase sibe ne-gelatinize (ukubukeka kushisiwe), isakhiwo sizoshintsha, i-viscosity ye-steaming izokwehla, akulula ukwenza ibhola, ukunambitheka kuzoshintsha. kulahleke uma kudliwe, ukunambitheka kuzohluka, futhi kuzoba nesithombe esinamathelayo, okuholela ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yommbila.
Umthelela kumaprotheni nama-enzyme
Amaprotheni ommbila acishe abe yi-11%. Kuyi-hydrophilic colloid enokuzwela okuqinile kokushisa. Ummbila uzoshintsha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi amandla awo okumunca amanzi nokuvuvukala azokwehla. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, izinga lokushisa liba likhulu. Izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi somiswa, okuyisihluthulelo sokulondoloza ikhwalithi yemvula. I-Enzyme iyiphrotheni ekhethekile. Ummbila uwuhlamvu kanye nesidalwa esiphilayo. Zonke izinqubo zayo ze-biochemical zicutshungulwa futhi zilawulwa ngama-enzyme ahlukahlukene. Umsebenzi wama-enzyme uyakhula ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-55 ℃, umsebenzi wama-enzyme uqala ukwehla. Uma izinga lokushisa liqhubeka nokukhuphuka, i-enzyme ingase ishintshe futhi umsebenzi wayo uzobhujiswa.
Umthelela emafutheni
Amafutha ommbila awashintshi kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-50℃. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-60 ℃, amafutha ayoba ama-rancid ngenxa ye-oxidation futhi amafutha azobola abe ama-fatty acids. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokumisa lizokhuphula inani le-acid enamafutha ommbila. Ummbila one-acid enamafutha aphezulu akulula ukuwugcina, futhi ukunambitheka kuba muncu futhi izinga liyancishiswa.
Umthelela ku-cellulose
I-Cellulose iyi-polysaccharide ebalulekile emmbila. Okuqukethwe kwefayibha yommbila omisiwe kuncipha ngokwanda kwezinga lokomisa, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizokhiqiza ukuhangula, okuqukethwe kwefayibha kuzokwehla, kanti enye i-fiber izoguqulwa ibe yi-furfural. Ngakho-ke, embonini yotshwala, ukulawulwa kwezikhwebu ezishisiwe kuqinile, ngoba i-furfural ekhiqizwa ezinhlamvu ezishile izonciphisa inani le-oxidation yemikhiqizo yotshwala futhi ithinte ikhwalithi yotshwala.
Umthelela kumavithamini
Amavithamini ommbila ahlanganisa u-A, B, E, D kanye no-C. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-50℃, amavithamini E, B kanye no-C azoshintsha. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lokumisa kufanele lilawulwe ngesikhathi somiswa. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, amavithamini azobhujiswa ukushisa okuphezulu.
Umthelela kukhwalithi yokubukeka
Ukuzijwayeza kubonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusanhlamvu elingaphansi kuka-50℃ linomphumela omncane embaleni nasekunambithekeni kommbila; lapho izinga lokushisa lokusanhlamvu liphakathi kuka-50 no-60 ℃, umbala wommbila uba lula futhi iphunga langempela liyancipha kakhulu; lapho izinga lokushisa lokusanhlamvu lingaphezu kuka-60℃, ummbila uba mpunga futhi ulahlekelwe ubumnandi bawo bangempela. Uma izinga lokushisa lokoma lingalawuleki kahle ngesikhathi sokumiswa, kuzokhiqizwa inani elikhulu lezinhlamvu ezishile, noma umswakama wezinhlamvu ezithile ube uphansi kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukuthi izinhlamvu zommbila ziphuke ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ukulethwa, ukwandisa inani lezinhlamvu ezingaphelele, futhi ungabekezeleli ukugcinwa, okuthinta ikhwalithi yommbila.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2025